'Awl and radd
What happens when Quranic shares exceed the estate ('awl) or leave a remainder (radd).
Each ruling below links to the Quran, a Hadith, or IslamQA. Links open on those sites.
When shares exceed the estate
'Awl applies when Quranic fractions add up to more than one. Every share is reduced in the same proportion. A common example is a husband with two sisters: one-half plus two-thirds is more than the whole estate, so the base rises and each share shrinks.Sources:IslamQA 131556 (Awl reduces every Quranic share in proportion; opens in a new tab)IslamQA 126233 (Awl example: husband, daughters, and grandmother; opens in a new tab)Quran 4:11 (Shares of children and parents, after debts and bequests; opens in a new tab)Quran 4:12 (Shares of spouses and maternal siblings, after debts and bequests; opens in a new tab)
When a remainder is left
Radd returns the leftover estate to blood relatives who already took a fixed share. The spouse does not take radd in the common Sunni positions, except in some Hanafi cases when no other heir remains.Sources:IslamQA 160948 (Radd versus the public treasury by school; opens in a new tab)
Classical Maliki practice, and a Shafi'i view, send leftover estate to the public treasury instead of radd. This calculator follows that school split. Read the school notes.Sources:IslamQA 160948 (Radd versus the public treasury by school; opens in a new tab)IslamQA 140167 (Order of the estate, heirs, and blocking; opens in a new tab)
How the results page labels this
The calculator marks the method as standard shares, 'awl, or radd. It also shows the problem base (asl al-mas'ala) after that adjustment.Sources:IslamQA 131556 (Awl reduces every Quranic share in proportion; opens in a new tab)IslamQA 160948 (Radd versus the public treasury by school; opens in a new tab)
Use the free calculator to work out each heir's fraction, percentage, and amount. Open the calculator